Since his school days, he has been a deserving student. He had his MA in Economics from Dhaka university and later received Diploma in Statistics from UNESCO. Until 1952, Prof Ahmed taught various tertiary institutes including Dhaka university . 

He has been in national politics since 1932. He was also involved in the language movement of 1952. In 1954, he quit his teaching job and committed himself to full time politics.

In the election of 1954, as a United Front candidate, Prof Ahmed from his own constituency, Debidar, defeating his rival, an influential Muslim League leader and the then Education minister. In 1958, the Pakistani military dictator General Ayub Khan issued warrant against him and offered bounty against his head. The threat of persecution by the military dictator forced him to go underground. Prof Ahmed, despite being in underground, organized mass movement against the dictatorial rules of General Ayub Khan.

In 1966, he resurfaced after 8 years of underground politics. Elected the president of East Pakistan National Awami Party (NAP). He was also the general secretary of undivided Pakistan National Awami Party. 

He was imprisoned for his involvement in anti Ayub movements and organization of Democratic Action Committee (DAC)

Later he represented East Pakistan in the Round Table Meeting called by General Ayub Khan to discuss issues like: federation status for East Pakistan, democracy, and economic independence.

In 1971, Prof Ahmed played a vital role in the liberation war. As a leading member of the "Advisory Council" to the provisional (Mujibnagar) government, he visited various countries to achieve international recognition for independent Bangladesh. He also represented the provisional (Mujibgagar) government in the UN.

In 1979, he was elected a member of Parliament

In the presidential election of 1981, he contested as the nominated candidate for NAP, CPB and other progressive democratic forces.

During the anti Ershad (the last military dictator) movement, Prof Mozaffar Ahmed was imprisoned again.

In course of his political life, Prof Ahmed has visited UK, Germany, France, USA, Canada, USSR, Bulgaria, Austria, India, South Yemen, Libya, Afghanistan and countries of  Middle East and Western Europe.

He wrote a few books for the people committed to socialistic and democratic ideals: What is Socialism?, Basics of Real Democracy or Socialism, Non-Marxist Socialism

Prof Ahmed has founded a political school (Social Science Academy, the only institute in Indian subcontinent) for educating Bangali patriots.

Prof Ahmed is married and has a daughter. Mrs Amina Ahmed is also a politician.

Prof Ahmed on Bangladeshi Educated Class

They could offer moral education to our youth. But instead of being moral agents, they, like pigs, preferred to wallow in corruption. They are busy emulating the mafia elites in ruthless consumerism. They are busy building houses, one after another in aristocratic areas. Busy in ceaseless pursuit of social mobilization. Busy mimicking the west like monkeys. There is no room for morality or ethics in their lives. They have no time for "plain living and high thinking". Their striving for houses, cars, and luxury items is insatiable. One may ask why they are so ravenous?. Actually "they are taking revenge on poverty". Once they lived in shanty huts, shat by the side of canals, ate rice in pots (shanki) and studied in tertiary institutes being in lodging. It is their revenge on their poverty stricken past. 

Not only that whereas two decades ago their wives were called " Abu's mum" or "Dulal's mum". Later those Abu's mum, Dulal's mums became bibi sahiba. In the 70's they were called Begum Sahiba. In the 80s the begum sahiba's became "mem sahib". Now the mem sahib's are all madam. About those absurd Bengalis poet DL Ray wrote: 

" We smile like the British,

 Cough like the French,